//URL -https://cses.fi/problemset/task/1071 
//CSES
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#ifdef LOCAL
#define dbg(x) cerr << #x << " = " << x << endl
#else
#define dbg(x)
#endif

#define ll long long
#define ld long double
#define ar array
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define sza(x) (int)(x).size()

const ll INF = 1e18;
const int MOD = 1e9 + 7;

void solve() {
    long long y,x;
    cin>>y>>x;
    long long ans = 0;
    long long n = max(y,x);
    if(n%2==0){
        if(y==n){
            ans = n*n-(x-1);

        }else{
            ans = (n-1)*(n-1)+y;
        }
    }
    else{
        if(x==n){
            ans = n*n-(y-1);

        }else{
            ans = (n-1)*(n-1)+x;
        }
    }
    cout<<ans<<"\n";
}

int main() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(NULL);

    int tc = 1;
     cin >> tc;
    while(tc--) solve();
}